Prof. Dr. Dr. Michael B. Buchholz
Senior Professor
IPU Berlin
Stromstr. 3b - Room 1.05
10555 Berlin
Tel.: +49 30 300 117-745
E-Mail: michael.buchholz@ipu-berlin.de
Students of clinical psychology often unconsciously conceptualize human beings as acting “from inside out”; they learn that humans are determined by drives and wishes and when they defend against these it comes to a return of the pressed – what was defended against shows up disguised or disfigured.
However, this is only one side of the coin.
If a baby is born it is equipped with three abilities: to imitate (tongue protrusion), to focus eyes sharply at a distance of appr. 26 cm and babies have most interests in watching human faces, observed most of the time. Infants have to manage a huge amount of information, but more: they have to organize a kind of organizational schema to get their impressions right. And structured. For this purpose, Daniel Stern once wrote, they “study” their human and social environment. They build and acquire cognitive complexity. They are not passively “imprinted” or “shaped”, they behave competent, much more competent than was thought a long time. They are and they must be: social beings right from the start. Because they would not survive otherwise. In their environment they find caregivers with much devotion for them, who have a deep understanding for this immense task: not only to learn, but to learn learning, not only to understand something, but to understand what it means to understand. In this process many things can go wrong or awry.
In order to build up an architecture of cognitive complexity (a process running unconsciously) babies use a principle of recursion, which emerged during evolution: you can again and again do the same and out of this repetition an infinity of new experience emerges. This principle of recursion is related to repetition compulsion (as it is termed in psychoanalysis), but it extends the Freudean idea. There is more than repetition, there is the creation of novelty, of singularity and the experience of creating. Recursion can be described in genetics, in interaction, in acts and, of course, in speaking.
I want students to understand this principle right from the start in very many variants, understand it, learn do describe it and to analyse it even with some mathematical tools.
In learning to understand what is going on in learning and to understand talk-in-interaction one is attempted to speak of a theory which has two eyes of a needle:
Humans very selectively take up what’s going on in their social-communicative environment; it is interpreted according to unconsciously acquired Schemata of understanding and interpretation- Everything that happens in talk must pass the eye-of-the-needle of subjective interpretation to achieve mental meaningfulness.
Conversely, all that happens mentally or psychically must past the eye-of-the-needle of communication, if it shall gain relevance in social life.
Here not only verbal or intellectual communication is addressed. More, every form of social message, announcement, statement, memo or information. This begins with how you are dressed and it does not end with your jargon used.
So, two further principles should be added:
The principle of selective power of cultural discourse. Cultural discourses co-determine what is heard or what is left out, what counts as „inside you“ or not, what is to be taken for granted or, what counts as sacred or profane (think of Winnicott, psychoanalyst, who considered the “true self” as “holy”, but as incommunicado; or think of Goffman, social theorist, who named it the “sacred self”). Cultural discourses determine the basic distinctions of a culture and they are hardly observable from inside these discourses. Cultural discourses, I want to point out, are not only the “big ones” as, e.g. that between civilization and nature (which was an important distinction); we have small ones as e.g. the cultures of academia or school or a symphonic orchestra or of a psychiatric clinic, between adolescents and elder people, between male, female and other sexes etc.
The last principle to be included is that of embodiment which extends far beyond the biological body into “embodied schemata” which determine what we can perceive, how we perceive it and what must be left out as cultural “waste” – and often is taken up and revalued by participants from other cultures.
I abbreviate these four principles as “2NCE” (two needles, culture and embodiment). The “2NCE”-principles permeate and determine all my lectures and seminars.
In my lecture students shall gain a broad overview about academic social psychology, some of the most prominent theories and paradigmatic experiments on the one hand. On the other hand I try to give a broad overview about the traditions of psychoanalytic social psychology and I want to explore the explanatory power of these concepts in order to convey a kind of tool for my students to find their way in a modern and very complex and complicated world. My hope is that students can feel what still needs to be worked out and that one is not entitled to rest on the services of former generations. The definition of “what psychoanalysis is” must be negotiated in every generation anew – and this task has not become easier.
In my master course everything turns around the fact that the clinical engagement for trauma has another side, which is founded in the social psychology of interaction, of failed intersubjectivity (even in some forms of hidden hostility in clinical contexts) and, finally, in violence. Violence is a multi-faceted phenomenon in modern life, very often met and very often ignored or denied. Violence exists in small interactive formats, in verbal forms of ignorance, contempt and “shit storms”, in institutionalized ceremonies of degradation and, finally, in and between states. Violence makes more than 60 million children suffer, who grow up in poverty and misery, who are refrained from education and training, who are misused as working people, are endangered as soldiers or are enslaved for sex. My deep impression is that in many international helping organizations psychoanalytic competencies for these children could be useful and meaningful. The working place of psychoanalysts must not be limited to the place behind the couch.
Prof. Langer has coined the idea to understand social psychology at IPU as a peace psychology. To train full knowledge, a multifaceted spectre of methods centered around human interaction and conversation seems valuable, in my view.
Research Focus
My research Projects since 2013
2013-2015 “Conversational Aspects of the Unconscious”, granted by International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA)
2014-2015 „Dancing Insight“, in cooperation with Prof. Dr. Uli Reich (FU-Berlin)
2016 „Typical Problematic Situations“ (executed without a special grant)
2014-2018 Research Project: „Balance – Rhythm – Resonance“, incooperation with Prof. Dr. Gabriele Brandstetter (FU-Berlin), Prof. Dr. Andreas Hamburger (IPU), Prof. Dr. Uli Reich (FU-Berlin) and Prof. Dr. Christoph Wulf (FU-Berlin)
2014-2017 Research project CEMPP („Conversation Analysis of Empathy in Psychotherapy Process“), granted by Köhler-Stiftung
2018-now: “Bio-psycho-social interactions during psychoanalytic first interviews - Understanding transference-countertransference and the body”, granted International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA)
Research Profile (ORCID)
Michael B. Buchholz https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2240-1430
Works (17)
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Doing We – Working alliance in psychotherapeutic relationships
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- Michael B. Buchholz (Author)
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From the Abyss of Loneliness to the Bliss of Solitude
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- Michael B. Buchholz (http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/conceptualization/, 0000-0003-2240-1430)
- Michael B. Buchholz (http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-original-draft/, 0000-0003-2240-1430)
- Michael B. Buchholz (http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/writing-review-editing/, 0000-0003-2240-1430)
Citation (APA)
Dimitrijevic, Aleksandar & Buchholz, Michael B. (2022) From the Abyss of Loneliness to the Bliss of Solitude, Phoenix Publ. , Oxfordshire
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A book on loneliness and solitude with contributions by musicologists, conversation analysis, philosophy, culture, art and psychoanalysis.
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Sprechen und Schweigen in der Psychotherapie
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- Michael B. Buchholz (Author)
- Marie-Luise Alder (Author, 0000-0002-8444-2484)
- Florian Dreyer (Author, 0000-0002-6080-0240)
- Michael M. Franzen (Author, 0000-0002-7007-3809)
Citation (BibTeX)
@article{Buchholz_2022, doi = {10.1007/s00278-021-00563-w}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00278-021-00563-w}, year = 2022, month = {jan}, publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media {LLC}}, volume = {67}, number = {2}, pages = {129--134}, author = {Michael B. Buchholz and Marie-Luise Alder and Florian Dreyer and Michael M. Franzen}, title = {Sprechen und Schweigen in der Psychotherapie}, journal = {Psychotherapeut}}
Description
<jats:title>Zusammenfassung</jats:title><jats:p>Das Gespräch hat in jeder Psychotherapie eine zentrale Stellung. „Gesprächstherapie“ ist deshalb irreführend für eine besondere Art der Therapeutik. Im Folgenden wird von Analytiker(in) gesprochen, wenn diese Tradition gemeint ist, ansonsten von Therapeut(en) und Therapeutin. Probleme der Vertraulichkeit bei der Erforschung von Gesprächen können gut und sicher gelöst werden. Die Erforschung der therapeutischen Konversation ist weit vorangetrieben, von psychoanalytischer Seite und anderen weltweit. Da so wichtige Gesprächsmomente wie Schweigen und Erzählen vertieft verstanden werden konnten, wird ein „communicative turn“ vorgeschlagen: nicht länger eine jeweilige Psychotherapietheorie als Ausgangspunkt einer Untersuchung zu wählen, sondern das Gespräch selbst. Dazu werden Forschungsergebnisse mit Bezug zur klinischen Arbeit vorgestellt. Sie sind klinisch gehaltvoll.</jats:p>
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Silence and silencing in psychoanalysis.
Source: Michael B. Buchholz
Talking and Cure – What’s Really Going On in Psychotherapy
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- Anssi Peräkylä (http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/conceptualization/)
- Michael B. Buchholz (http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/conceptualization/, 0000-0003-2240-1430)
Citation (BibTeX)
@book{2021, doi = {10.3389/978-2-88971-577-0}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3389%2F978-2-88971-577-0}, year = 2021, publisher = {Frontiers Media {SA}}, editor = {Michael B Buchholz and Anssi Peräkylä}, title = {Talking and Cure {\textendash} What's Really Going On in Psychotherapy}}
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Doing Contrariness: Therapeutic Talk-In-Interaction in a Single Therapy Session With a Traumatized Child
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- Michael B. Buchholz (Author)
- Timo Buchholz (Author)
- Barbara Wülfing (Author)
Citation (BibTeX)
@article{Buchholz_2021, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.545966}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2021.545966}, year = 2021, month = {apr}, publisher = {Frontiers Media {SA}}, volume = {12}, author = {Michael B. Buchholz and Timo Buchholz and Barbara Wülfing}, title = {Doing Contrariness: Therapeutic Talk-In-Interaction in a Single Therapy Session With a Traumatized Child}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}}
Description
<jats:p>Conversation analysis (CA) of children-adult—interaction in various contexts has become an established field of research. However,<jats:italic>child therapy</jats:italic>has received limited attention in CA. In child therapy, the general psychotherapeutic practice of achieving empathy faces particular challenges. In relation to this, our contribution sets out three issues for investigation and analysis: the first one is that practices of achieving empathy must be preceded by efforts aiming to establish which kind of individualized conversation works with this child (Midgley,<jats:xref>2006</jats:xref>). Psychotherapy process researchers in adult therapy (Stiles et al.,<jats:xref>2015</jats:xref>) have found that therapists “invent” a new therapy for each patient (Norcross and Wampold,<jats:xref>2018</jats:xref>). The second issue is that it can be difficult for adults to understand the ways in which children express their conflicts and issues. In particular, play activities in therapy, e.g., with dolls, can open up additional scenarios of interaction. The play scenario can be used to disclose unformulated problems masked in everyday and family interactions. The third issue is how to respect the child's higher degree of vulnerability, compared with adult patients. How is it communicated and dealt with in therapy? We present an interaction analysis of a single case study of the first 20 min of a child therapy session with an adopted girl aged 4 years brought to treatment because of “unexplainable rage.” The session was videotaped; parents granted permission. We analyze this session using an applied version of CA. In our analysis, we describe “doing contrariness,” as a conversational practice producing epistemic and affiliative disruptions, while “avoiding doing contrariness” and “remedying contrariness” are strategies for preserving or restoring the affiliative dimension of a relationship (in child therapy). We show how these practices operate in various modes and how they are used by both parties in our case study to variously aid and impedethe achievement of empathy and understanding.</jats:p>
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Seeing the Situational Gestalt - Movement in Therapeutic Spaces
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- Michael B. Buchholz (Author)
Citation (BibTeX)
@article{Buchholz_2020, doi = {10.2478/gth-2020-0011}, url = {https://doi.org/10.2478%2Fgth-2020-0011}, year = 2020, month = {aug}, publisher = {Walter de Gruyter {GmbH}}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {101--132}, author = {Michael B. Buchholz}, title = {Seeing the Situational Gestalt - Movement in Therapeutic Spaces}, journal = {Gestalt Theory}}
Description
<jats:title>Summary</jats:title> <jats:p>This paper starts with a short review of recent developments in psychotherapy process research and analyzes that a medical, or better, technical approach in process research – using words such as ‘intervention’, ‘effect’ and ‘outcome’ – is gradually acknowledged as only one side of psychotherapy; the other, more human or ‘humanistic’ side, is ‘conversation’, described by prominent authors as ‘low technology’. Conversation analysis cannot study psychotherapy as a whole. Sessions are subdivided into ‘situations’. What are situations? I make a proposal to answer this question by three components: open up, select and control options. Then, 11 transcribed extracts from psychoanalytical therapy sessions are used to describe three types of situations and the special kind of requirements they demand from a therapist. Obviously, such situations appear during a session, they can be handled if therapists are sensitized for certain difficulties to arise. Shift-of-situation and double meaning are new observations in this approach to define the situational gestalt and train ‘seeing’ it.</jats:p>
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On the Nature of the Mother-Infant Tie and Its Interaction With Freudian Drives
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Contributors
- Michael Kirsch (Author)
- Michael B. Buchholz (Author)
Citation (BibTeX)
@article{Kirsch_2020, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00317}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2020.00317}, year = 2020, month = {feb}, publisher = {Frontiers Media {SA}}, volume = {11}, author = {Michael Kirsch and Michael B. Buchholz}, title = {On the Nature of the Mother-Infant Tie and Its Interaction With Freudian Drives}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}}
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Teaching for survival
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- Michael B. Buchholz (Author)
- Aleksandar Dimitrijevic (Author)
Citation (BibTeX)
@article{Buchholz_2018, doi = {10.1080/0803706x.2018.1450003}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0803706x.2018.1450003}, year = 2018, month = {apr}, publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {73--75}, author = {Michael B. Buchholz and Aleksandar Dimitrijevic}, title = {Teaching for survival}, journal = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis}}
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Teaching research methods to psychoanalysts: Experiences from PSAID
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- Michael B. Buchholz (Author)
- Horst Kächele (Author)
Citation (BibTeX)
@article{Buchholz_2017, doi = {10.1080/0803706x.2017.1296587}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0803706x.2017.1296587}, year = 2017, month = {jun}, publisher = {Informa {UK} Limited}, volume = {27}, number = {2}, pages = {114--120}, author = {Michael B. Buchholz and Horst Kächele}, title = {Teaching research methods to psychoanalysts: Experiences from {PSAID}}, journal = {International Forum of Psychoanalysis}}
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Applying The Conversational Analysis Strategies To Psychoanalytic Process Research. Rhythm And Blues: 152nd Session With Amalia (Part 1)
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- M. Buchholz (Author)
- V.A. Agarkov (Author)
- H. Kächele (Author)
Citation (BibTeX)
@article{Buchholz_2017, doi = {10.17759/cpp.2017250305}, url = {https://doi.org/10.17759%2Fcpp.2017250305}, year = 2017, publisher = {Federal State-Financed Educational Institution of Higher Education Moscow State University of Psychology and Education}, volume = {25}, number = {3}, pages = {76--97}, author = {M. Buchholz and V.A. Agarkov and H. Kächele}, title = {Applying The Conversational Analysis Strategies To Psychoanalytic Process Research. Rhythm And Blues: 152nd Session With Amalia (Part 1)}, journal = {{\cyrchar\{CYRK}}{\cyrchar\cyro}{\cyrchar\cyrn}{\cyrchar\cyrs}{\cyrchar\cyru}{\cyrchar\cyrl}{\cyrchar\cyrsftsn}{\cyrchar\cyrt}{\cyrchar\cyra}{\cyrchar\cyrt}{\cyrchar\cyri}{\cyrchar\cyrv}{\cyrchar\cyrn}{\cyrchar\cyra}{\cyrchar\cyrya} {\cyrchar\cyrp}{\cyrchar\cyrs}{\cyrchar\cyri}{\cyrchar\cyrh}{\cyrchar\cyro}{\cyrchar\cyrl}{\cyrchar\cyro}{\cyrchar\cyrg}{\cyrchar\cyri}{\cyrchar\cyrya} {\cyrchar\cyri} {\cyrchar\cyrp}{\cyrchar\cyrs}{\cyrchar\cyri}{\cyrchar\cyrh}{\cyrchar\cyro}{\cyrchar\cyrt}{\cyrchar\cyre}{\cyrchar\cyrr}{\cyrchar\cyra}{\cyrchar\cyrp}{\cyrchar\cyri}{\cyrchar\cyrya}}}
Description
<jats:p>Studies of the psychotherapeutic process using the methods of conversation analysis can make a substantial contribution to further development of psychotherapeutic practice. The case study of Amalia, particularly session 152, has been analysed many times using different methods that are briefly reviewed here. This paper is devoted to the analysis of session 152, based on the new transcription material that includes the prosodic elements of the dialogue in the analytical dyad. Our study demonstrates the following: (a) how the analyst and the patient together create a common object of conversation, i.e. psychoanalysis; (b) the use of different therapeutic tools that have not been properly covered in literature yet and may be described as ‘devices’. We define our work as a qualitative study based on the non-statistical data of the verbal production analysis whose results may be used for advancing new hypotheses.</jats:p>
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From turn-by-turn to larger chunks of talk: An exploratory study in psychotherapeutic micro-processes using conversation analysis
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- Michael B. Buchholz (Author)
- Horst Kächele (Author)
Citation (BibTeX)
@article{Buchholz_2017, doi = {10.4081/ripppo.2017.257}, url = {https://doi.org/10.4081%2Fripppo.2017.257}, year = 2017, month = {oct}, publisher = {{PAGEPress} Publications}, volume = {20}, number = {3}, author = {Michael B. Buchholz and Horst Kächele}, title = {From turn-by-turn to larger chunks of talk: An exploratory study in psychotherapeutic micro-processes using conversation analysis}, journal = {Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome}}
Description
<jats:p>Independent of theoretical orientation therapies of all kind are talk-in-interaction. Influential overall conceptualizations (as e.g. intervention) belong to a certain model of medicalizing the psychotherapeutic endeavor. Talk-in-interaction is the base for applying Conversation Analysis (CA) in psychotherapeutic process research. CA is a powerful tool originating from social science taking data, hypotheses and theories from careful observing in a similar way as infant observers did. The common discovery is that conversation precedes language. Some features of infantile proto-conversation survive in adult life. CA has directed careful attention to processes like turn-taking, repair, conditional relevances, etc. in observing the rules of interaction. However, in studying psychotherapy process turn-by-turn analysis alone does not suffice. It can be completed by a new model of common ground activities and package-by-package analysis turning attention to new objects of observation in therapeutic conversation (allusions, metaphorical framing activities). We propose a methodology for both kinds of analyses based on transcribed examples from the CEMPP-Project. This exploratory designed project (Conversation analysis of empathy in Psychotherapy Process; supported by the Khler Foundation, Germany) compared psychoanalytic, psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral treatments in five dyads each taking transcribed sessions from the beginning, the middle phase and the end; our database includes 45 transcribed sessions.</jats:p>
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The Building of Empathy: Conceptual “Pillars” and Conversational Practices in Psychotherapy
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- Michael B. Buchholz (Author)
- Jörg Bergmann (Author)
- Marie-Luise Alder (Author)
- Michael M. Dittmann (Author)
- Florian Dreyer (Author)
- Horst Kächele (Author)
Citation (BibTeX)
@incollection{Buchholz_2017, doi = {10.5772/intechopen.69628}, url = {https://doi.org/10.5772%2Fintechopen.69628}, year = 2017, month = {aug}, publisher = {{InTech}}, author = {Michael B. Buchholz and Jörg Bergmann and Marie-Luise Alder and Michael M. Dittmann and Florian Dreyer and Horst Kächele}, title = {The Building of Empathy: Conceptual {\textquotedblleft}Pillars{\textquotedblright} and Conversational Practices in Psychotherapy}, booktitle = {Empathy - An Evidence-based Interdisciplinary Perspective}}
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Supervision - Konzepte und Anwendungen
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- Ute Fissabre (Author)
- Wolfgang Mertens (Editor)
- Wolfgang Mertens (Author)
- Andreas Hamburger (Author)
- Thomas Stadler (Author)
- Vivian Pramataroff-Hamburger (Author)
- Lucia Steinmetzer (Author)
- Waltraud Nagell (Author)
- Michael B. Buchholz (Author)
- Jan Lohl (Author)
- Gertrud Siller (Author)
- Ingrid Erhardt (Author)
- Harald J. Freyberger (Author)
- Agnes Schneider-Heine (Author)
- Anne Rauch-Strasburger (Author)
- Jörg Bergmann (Author)
- Andreas Hamburger (Editor)
- Andreas Hamburger (Editor)
- Wolfgang Mertens (Editor)
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Ritmo y Blues: La sesión 152 de Amalia. Desde el Psicoanálisis al Análisis de la Conversación y la Metáfora, y de vuelta al Psicoanálisis
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Contributors
- Horst Kächele (Author)
- International Psychoanalytic University, Berlín (Author)
- Michael B. Buchholz (http://credit.niso.org/contributor-roles/conceptualization/, 0000-0003-2240-1430)
Citation (BibTeX)
@article{K_chele_2016, doi = {10.21110/19882939.2016.100210}, url = {https://doi.org/10.21110%2F19882939.2016.100210}, year = 2016, month = {jul}, publisher = {Instituto de Psicoterapia Relacional ({IPR})}, volume = {10}, number = {2}, pages = {490--532}, author = {Horst Kächele and}, title = {Ritmo y Blues: La sesi{\'{o}}n 152 de Amalia. Desde el Psicoan{\'{a}}lisis al An{\'{a}}lisis de la Conversaci{\'{o}}n y la Met{\'{a}}fora, y de vuelta al Psicoan{\'{a}}lisis}, journal = {Cl{\'{\i}}nica e Investigaci{\'{o}}n Relacional}}
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Change of Positioning in Order to Complement Split-Off Areas of Experience
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- Michael B. Buchholz (0000-0003-2240-1430)
Citation (Harvard)
Buchholz, M. B., & Reich, U. (2015). Dancing Insight. How a Psychotherapist uses Change of Positioning in Order to Complement Split-Off Areas of Experience. Chaos and Complexity Letters, 8(2-3), 121–146. Retrieved from ISSN: 1556-3995
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Communicative Violence In Psychotherapy
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- Michael B. Buchholz (Author)
- Marie-Luise Alder (Author)
Citation (BibTeX)
@article{Buchholz_2015, doi = {10.7565/landp.2015.007}, url = {https://doi.org/10.7565%2Flandp.2015.007}, year = 2015, month = {dec}, publisher = {Edinburgh University Library}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {4--33}, author = {Michael B. Buchholz and Marie-Luise Alder}, title = {Communicative Violence In Psychotherapy}, journal = {Language and Psychoanalysis}}
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Hermann Paul School of Linguistics: Freiburg im Breisgau, Baden-Württemberg, DE
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International Psychoanalytic University: Berlin, Berlin, DE
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University of Göttingen: Göttingen, Niedersachsen, DE
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Asklepios Fachklinikum Tiefenbrunn: Rosdorf, Niedersachsen, DE
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University of Göttingen: Göttingen, DE
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University of Göttingen: Göttingen, Niedersachsen, DE
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Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main: Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, DE
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Ruprecht Karls Universität Heidelberg: Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, DE
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